DIANA OF THE EPHESIANS 

Dr. W. A. Criswell 

Acts 19:8-41 

11-12-78     10:50 a.m.

All of us join in the paean of praise to the blessed and glorious Lord Jesus, who was delivered for our offenses, who was raised for our justification, who someday will come in glory and power—the Lord of all creation, the King of all the earth and our personal friend and Savior.

With gladness, we welcome the multitudes who are sharing this hour with us on radio and on television.  This is the Pastor of the First Baptist Church in Dallas , bringing the message, entitled: Diana of the Ephesians.

The message is an exposition of the most part of the nineteenth chapter of the Book of Acts, beginning at verse 8 and continuing to verse 4—the end of the chapter.  The passage is so long that I have not opportunity to read it, just possibly mentioning the middle part of it in the preaching of the gospel. A certain man named Demetrius, who made little silver shrines—little gods of Diana—calling his craftsmen together, saying this man Paul is running their trade, bringing the temple into despicable loneliness, forsakenness and her magnificence is being destroyed.  When they heard this, they were full of wrath and cried out, saying, “Great is Diana of the Ephesians!”  The whole city was filled with confusion and the rioters assembled in the theater.  You can go look at that theater today, seating about 25,000 people—And they cried with one voice about the space of two hours, “Great is Diana of the Ephesians.!”

And the town clerk, the mayor of the city said, “You don’t know what you do.  The Roman government will call us and question us about this riot and there is nothing to say.”  So, he dismissed them.  That is a part of this nineteenth chapter of the Book of Acts.

            There could hardly be anything more interesting than to follow the spade of the archaeologist and to listen to the geographers and the historians who describe that ancient Greco-Roman World.  And as you know, one of the wonders of the ancient Greek world was this Temple of Diana in the city of Ephesus.

            It was unlike any other structure the eyes of mankind have ever beheld.  Faustantius, who was an ancient Greek geographer and historian, said—and I quote: “It surpassed every structure raised by human hands.”

            Another ancient writer said, “I have seen the walls and hanging gardens of old Babylon; one of the Seven Wonders of the World.  I have seen the statue Olympian Jove; one of the Seven Wonders of the World.  I have seen the Colossus of Rhodes; one of the Seven Wonders of the World.  I have seen the great labor of the lofty Pyramids, one of the Seven Wonders of the World.  And I have seen the ancient tomb of Mausolus at Halicarnassus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World.”

We call a beautiful tomb today a mausoleum—this tomb of Mausolus, built by his queen widow, one of the “Seven Wonders of the World”—“But, when I beheld the temple in Ephesus, towering to the clouds, all these other marvels were eclipsed.”

There was nothing like it that the world has ever seen in glory, in beauty, in architectural splendor.  It was 425 feet long.  It was 225 feet wide.  It was surrounded by 127 Corinthian columns made out of white Parian marble.

And the thing that distinguished the Ephesian temple from any other in the whole world is that there were sculptured reliefs all around the lower part of the columns up to the height of a man’s head.  Pliny said that it was 220 years in building.  Imagine that! The genius of the Greek mind, laboring 220 years to build that glorious edifice. 

Actually, it was the eighth temple built in that place.  The seventh was burned down by an obscure individual named Herostradus, who, on the rack, confessed that he did it that his name might be remembered in posterity. 

It was burned down in 356 B.C., the night that Alexander the Great was born.  And when you read the biographies of Alexander the Great, great stories are made to the fact that he was born the night the temple in Ephesus was burned down.

The temple was dedicated to what we call the Greek goddess, Artemis—the Latin goddess, Diana.  She was the swift and twin sister of Apollo.  She is graceful and beautiful in all of the Greek-sculptured likenesses of this Diana, the goddess of hunting.

Actually, this goddess in Ephesus is not either one of them, neither Diana or Artemis.  She was an Asian likeness, from the dim, remote past, and looked more like an ogre than anything else.

They said that she fell down from heaven—evidently, a meteorite carved, finally, in the likeness of a goddess.  That is, her hands and her face were like a woman’s.  Her lower extremities were swathed like a Greek mummy, and her body is covered with round-like objects.  Sir William Ramsay said they were the ova of bees, because the bee was the sign of Ephesus on all of the coins.  And this is the “queen bee”, the goddess of fertility.  When you look it, picture of this Artemesian goddess, you would say she was covered with breasts.

The temple worship was filled with drones, eunuchs, who dressed like women and thousands of others who were heralds and acrobats and flute players and musicians and all the other things and paraphernalia that would go with the exuberance of Greek temple worship.  One of the signs of the Hellenization of that Ephesian goddess and the Ephesian temple was the Artemesia, the Greek games that were held on her birthday once a year. 

From the ends of the earth, worshipers and pilgrims came to Ephesus to take part in those Ephesian games—the Artemesia.  And for a month, all the places were closed,  all work ceased, and they gave themselves to those athletic contests, and the sacrifices, and to the processions, and to the worship of the goddess and a thousand other interesting things.

Paul intended to stay in Ephesus to the end of the Artemesia, to the end of Pentecost, he writes in 1 Corinthians 16:8.  He wrote this first Corinthian letter from Ephesus at this time.  And he says to the saints in Corinth that “I intended to stay here until Pentecost”; that is, until the end of the Artemesian Games.  He didn’t get to because of this riot, but Paul had a brilliant and inspired idea in staying there to preach the gospel. 

I’ll tell you an exact modern counterpart of that.  When the World’s Fair, the first World’s Fair, was held in Chicago in the latter part of the nineteenth—this last century, Dwight L. Moody preached the gospel under a great tent all during the days of that Chicago Fair.  And he did his mightiest work in those days preaching the gospel at Chicago World’s Fair.

That was exactly what Paul was planning to do: he was going to stay there and preach the gospel through that Artemesia.  His ministry there, as it was, was incomparable.  Had he been able to do that, no telling what it would have meant to the civilized world.  When you looked at the city of Ephesus—a Greek city and possibly the most beautiful the world had ever seen—when you looked at it, and it’s marvelous temple, it looked invincible; eternal.  It looked permanent; it looked forever.

It was not like our cities today: they build a building and, in a few years, tear it down.  It gets old, decrepit—tear it down.  But, when they built those Greek cities, they were built out of solid marble, with incomparably beautiful architecture.  And they were built, apparently, to stand forever.  But, out of all of them, the most invincible and the most eternal looking was the Greek city of Ephesus.

Well, when you go there today, just endless ruins.  And the site of that temple—I’m sure many of you have been to Ephesus—the site of that temple is now a stagnant pool.  For centuries, mankind has been driven away from the malarial mosquitoes that breed there.  It was just in the middle of the last century that even the site of the temple was discovered.  It had been lost to mankind for hundreds and hundreds of years.

The archaeological story of it’s discovery is one of the most interesting I have ever read.  The British Museum sent a brilliant architect by the name of J.T. Wood to find the site of that ancient Diana temple in Ephesus.  And he drilled down shafts and pits all over the vast area of the city of Ephesus and was disappointed at every attempt.

One day, he dug a shaft on the floor in the middle of that great theater in which this riot was gathered.  And as he dug down, he discovered a Roman inscription.  It was by some kind of a rich egotist by the name of Vivius Salutaris.  And he says in that inscription that he has given to that Ephesian temple these silver and gold gods and goddesses.  And he had bestowed upon the temple an endowment: that, once a year, these gifts of his were to be paraded through the city, that people might be aware of his largess, his munificent boundless endowment—gift.

Then, he says that he wants those gods and goddesses carried from the temple into the city through Magnesian gate and then out of the city and back to the temple through the Corinthian gate.  And this man, Wood, when he discovered that inscription, immediately saw how he could find the site of this ancient Ephesian temple.  And due to the vanity and egotism of this Roman named Salutaris, he discovered the site.  For you see, the vanity of the man led him to say that he wanted his gifts paraded through the city on the birthday of Diana—at that gate, all the way through the city, and go out this gate– and named the two gates.

This man, Wood, said to himself, “If I can find those two gates, and the roads leading out from them, I will discover the site of this Ephesian temple.”  So, pains-taking care and long diligence, he located the Magnesian Gate.  And then, after a long search, he located the Curetian Gate.

Now, this man, Salutaris, said that he wanted his idols on display and taken out of the temple through this gate and turned back to the temple through that gate.  So, Wood, this brilliant architect from the British Museum, took those two gates—the Magnesian and the Curetian—and he followed the roads to where they converged; where they intersected, and drilled down his pit.  And there he found the site of this ancient Ephesian temple. 

It was 30 feet below the alluvial plain of the Cayster River.  And drilling down, digging down, he found the great platform upon which the temple was built.  Then, he found those ruined drums, those ruined columns.  You can see them now in the British Museum.  And there is that site—it’s about a mile out of the city—the city is built on the Parian hill and in that plain, alluvial, covered over by the Cayster river there was located this incomparable temple. 

I could not help but think, as I read all this, “How impermanent, and how ephemeral, and how transitory are the greatest works of men–all of them. The day will come when you will look at the ruins and the wreckage of the Empire State Building, and the World Trade Buildings, and the Chrysler Building, and these buildings here in Dallas– how impermanent they are!   How ephemeral!  How transitory!  It is God who abides; His name is from everlasting to everlasting and the works of His hands abide forever.

 So, it is in this beautiful city of Ephesus that Paul is preaching the gospel.  And he stays here longer than in any other place, except in the years of his incarceration in Rome.

And I suppose that the greatest ministry that the Christian faith has ever known is this Ephesian ministry of the Apostle Paul.  All Asia, the Roman province of Asia, all Asia heard the gospel.  And among those that were converted are those seven churches in Asia to whom is directed the Apocalypse—the Revelation. 

And as always, when the Christian gospel was preached in an ancient Greek or Roman city, it immediately confronted, one, idolatry and the unspeakable immorality that goes along with it; and second, all of the superstition and the magic of the people – and it was so here.

Have you been to Ephesus?  Many of you have.  One of the things they’ll always show you in Ephesus is, there, in site, in the marble pavement, is a picture of a prostitute.  And just below her likeness is a foot, pointing to a certain place.  And when you follow that direction, you come to one of the most impressive of all the Greek buildings in the ruined city of Ephesus: it’s a brothel; it was a house of ill repute.  That was a concomitant of the idolatry of that day. 

There in Corinth—on the Acrocorinthus, in that temple to Aphrodite, to Astarte, to Venus, there were a thousand priestesses dedicated, and you worshiped her by immorality, by sexual intercourse, that was the depravity of the ancient Greek world.

And when the preaching of the gospel was presented in all of those cities, one of the first things that went was the idolatry and the immorality and the promiscuity and the whoredom of the people.  Whenever you depart away from God, you are going back to that.  All you have to do is to look at America today, or any other nation today that is turning from God.  And when they turn from God, that’s what they turn to.

Let me say it like this.  I was listening to a debate, a discussion regarding the sexuality and immorality and violence of modern television.  And these men who are presenting programs on television say that television, however you say, ”it is immoral or violent”, it is actually 15 years behind times in the actual life of the American people.  “If you think it is bad,” say these men who guide these networks, “the televised programs are nice compared to the actual lives of the American people.”

That’s true forever.  When you turn away from God, that’s what you turn to: the dissolution of the family and the awesome prostitution of the moral life of the people.

Well, another thing that Christianity faces—not only the idolatry and the immorality and the whoredom and the promiscuity of the people who live away from God, but it faces all kinds of superstition and magic—all kinds of soothsayers and fortune-tellers and the clairvoyants and necromancers.  Here, in this nineteenth chapter of the Book of Acts, out of all the words of incantation that were used in the city of Ephesus, why, they now add to it the name of Jesus! He’s another one added to their magical arts.

And you have the story here of some who adjure as exorcist in the name of Jesus.  And the one that they were seeking to exercise said, “Jesus I know and Paul I know, but I don’t know you!”  And he leaped upon them and they just barely escaped with their lives.  Then, it says, in the conversion of the city—the great revival:

Many of them, which used curious arts, brought their books together, and burned them before all men; and they counted the price of them, and found it to be fifty thousand pieces of silver.  So mightily grew the word of God and prevailed.

[Acts 19:19-20]

            Now, isn’t that an unusual thing?  When men turn away from God, there is a vacuum in their hearts.  But, it doesn’t stay empty.  When men turn away from God, they turn to what?  Clairvoyants, spiritists, mediums, fortune-tellers, astrologers, soothsayers, necromancers.

I have read, time and again, of the number of witches, and fortune-tellers and clairvoyants, and mediums in America.  You can’t believe it.  In our enlightened world, in our educated nation, filled with universities and colleges and a public school system–our country giving itself to magic, to astrology!

I went to an editor, one time, and I said to him, “It is an insult that every newspaper that you read, there is that long column on astrology.”  I said, “That is a defiance of reason itself—astrology, fortune-telling!”  I said, “You ought not to do that.”  And that editor said to me, “There is no newspaper in the United States that would dare publish an edition without it and we cannot!  The people who follow that are legion, they are numberless.” That’s what happens to you when you turn aside from God.  You turn to all kinds of fortune-tellers, and mediums, and soothsayers, clairvoyants.

            When I got through preaching this morning, there’s a young fellow that belongs to our church who lived for years in Washington, D.C, he shook my hand and he said, “Pastor, you wouldn’t believe the number of clairvoyants and fortune-tellers, and soothsayers who flourish in Washington, D.C.”  And he said, “They claim as their clients the senators, and the representatives, and the leaders, of the political life of America.”

            That’s what happens to the human heart and humankind and to the nation–I don’t care what culture or civilization, when you turn from God, that’s what you turn to. There never has been a more brilliant race, more gifted, than these Greeks– and they were filled with that black magic; Ephesus was a literal cauldron of it.  Our nation is becoming just like that.

Now, when Paul preaches the gospel, why, they turn aside from their idols.  Who is going to bow down before an idol who worships the true and living God?  Who is going to give himself to a false name when he learns the true and blessed, and saving name of the Lord Jesus?  But, when you don’t love God, when you don’t have the Lord Jesus in your heart, you just bow down to all of the idols—ten thousand of them in your life. 

 Give yourself to them, you have to give yourself to something. If you don’t give yourself to God, you’re going to give yourself to­­–then you could name a thousand idols.  Your going to worship at the shrine of success, or the shrine of business, or the shrine of pleasure, or the shrine of fame and fortune—just 10,000 gods and goddesses, when you don’t worship the true God.

Well, in the preaching of the gospel these people were saved, a great revival and outpouring of the spirit of Jesus.  And when a man gives his heart to Jesus, then he turns from the idols he has been worshiping, that’s what happens here.  That man, Demetrius, made little silver gods.  And when these were converted—became Christians, they didn’t need those silver gods any longer.  They didn’t buy them any more. 

And this man, Demetrius, gathers all his craft together.  And he says, “This preaching of the gospel is destroying us.”  And how does he say it?  He says, “It is as though the temple of the great goddess, Diana, is to be despised and her magnificence destroyed, whom all Asia and the world worshipeth.”  When they heard this, they were full of wrath and said, “Great is Diana of the Ephesians!”

My brother, he never dies, Demetrius lives in every age.  And in every century and his voice is the same—always.  What he says is, “This man, the Apostle Paul, preaching the gospel, he’s going to bring down the temple of God; going to bring it into despicable contempt;  going to destroy its magnificence.”

Isn’t that the beatenest thing you ever heard in your life?  When a man preaching the gospel is going to bring down the temple of God?  As though some blind Samson is going to seize the columns of the almighty truth of the almighty God and he is going to bring down the temple of God upon the heads of mankind; he’s going to pull it out of the sky!  Oh, as though a man could pull down the temple of God!  As though a man could pervert or distort the truth of the Almighty!  That’s what he says.

What he actually means is: “We’re losing our trade.  We’re losing our money.  People don’t buy our gods anymore.”  That’s what he actually means. And his voice never dies.  It’s the same through all of the years.  Demetrius is forever.

Today just for example—out of a thousand such illustrations in modern life—today a man says, “I have a personal right to drink in front of my children!  I have a personal right to buy liquor!  I have a personal right to do all of these things I can buy at the liquor store; it’s an abridgement of my liberties for that to be denied unto me!”  That’s what he says—the lie of Demetrius—what he actually means is that you’re taking his money away from him when you get somebody not to buy his liquor, not to buy his product.  That’s what he actually means

You see, if the liquor crowd, if the distiller and the brewer doesn’t teach every coming generation to drink, they’re out of business.  They’ve lost money.  Their investments have grown sour and corrupt.  So the liquor business has to teach each every generation to drink liquid pot, they’ve got to, or they are out of business. And the great basis upon which they make their pitch is not, “If we don’t teach these kids to drink, we’ll lose money!”—they don’t say that.  What they say is, “The prohibition of drinking is an abridgement of our personal liberties and it violates our Constitutional rights!”   That’s the lie, and the deception of Demetrius.  And it’s always the same, always the same— it never changes, never changes.

One of the most astonishing things to me in American life is this: that a father and a mother will drink  before their children and then marvel that the kids are experimenting with drugs.  Liquid pot is a drug; Alcohol is a drug, anything that affects your mind is a drug.  And whether the drug is this, LSD; or that, marijuana; or that, alcohol; it is all the same—it is a drug!  And how in the earth fathers and mothers think they can use drugs and then be amazed and overwhelmed at the children who come along and experiment with all of it.  That’s Demetrius, That’s Demetrius, “Don’t abridge my liberties or my Constitutional rights!”   When actually, it has to do with making money in a liquor store.  That’s Demetrius—he’s just the same, always

Well, one other thing before our time is gone, and it rushes so quickly, I want you look at this man, the Apostle Paul.  They had to send him out of the city, the riot was fierce.  The storm was howling and they sent him out of the city 

Now let’s read about this man, the Apostle Paul: “After the uproar—after the uproar—after the riot, Paul called unto him the disciples and embraced them,” and said, “I’m going to quit preaching the gospel…I’m going to lay my Bible down…no longer am I going to be a minister of the grace of the son of God.  The obstacles are too great.  The discouragements are too fierce.  The opposition is too strong.  The confrontations are too violent.  I’m going to quit.  I’m going to stop.”  Is that what I read?  No!

After the uproar was over, Paul called unto the disciples and embraced them and bid them Godspeed there in Ephesis, and departed to preach the gospel in Macedonia,

—and that verse number 2—

And went over those parts, and gave them much exhortation…

—and verse 7, coming down to Troas—

Paul preached unto them… and continued his speech until midnight

—and verse 9—

 And as Paul was long preaching…

[Acts 20:1-7]

Ooh!  I love that!  I love that!  Yeah! That’s great!  That’s marvelous, and that is to be the spirit of the man of God.  However the discouragements, and however the obstacles, and however the failures, just at it again–God’s in it, and the Spirit is unbeatable!

This is the man that they stoned in Lystra and dragged out for dead.  And the disciples gathered around him—the converts in Lystra—gathered around him to weep and mourn over his dead form.  And while they were weeping and mourning over his dead form, Paul stood up and he didn’t go that way, he went back into the city of Lystra where he had just been stoned and dragged out for dead. In Philippi, in Philippi, they took him and Silas and beat them, and then in their blood put them in an inner dungeon: fashioned their feet in stocks and their hands in manacles.  And at midnight, Paul and Silas sang praises to God.  How are you going to destroy a man like that?  

He writes to the Philippian church from the Mamertine dungeon in Rome, he says, “I want you to know that the things that have happened to me have happened to the furtherance of the gospel for everyone in the Praetorian Palace has heard the gospel of the grace of the Son of God.”  Imagine three soldiers a day, chained to the Apostle Paul—the Praetorian Guard, the elite of the Roman Caesar.  Imagine being chained to the Apostle Paul eight hours a day, imagine that, imagine that!  

I am telling you the Lord’s truth when I say that the man of God is invincible!  He’s immortal!  He’s forever!  He can’t fail.  Beat him?  He praises God as the blood flows off of his back.  Put him in jail?  He’s singing praises to Jesus.  Drag him out of the city, stoned for dead?  He gets up and goes right back, preaching the gospel again.  Put him in the prison in the Praetorian Guard—the palace in Rome?  He’s praising Jesus because all of Caesar’s household now hears the Word of the Lord.

I have to close.  But I do it with this, for us, for you and me.   You know, it is an amazing and wonderful thing how obstacles, and frustrations, and failures, and despairs, and confrontations, discouragements—how the same ones differently affect a man according as to whether he is in the will of God or not.  If a man is in the will of God, “This is what I’m supposed to be doing, this is the business I’m supposed to be running; or this is the professional life I’m supposed to be pursuing; or this is my task and my assignment from heaven.”  When you have the feeling in your heart, “I’m doing what God wants me to do!”  You know what?  When the discouragement comes; and the disappointments, the failures come—and they always come no matter where you are—when those…..